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. 2008 Jan 4;82(1):57–72. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.012

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Haplotype Networks Showing the Relationships of the LP-Associated Alleles to Each Other in the Networks

(A) Haplotype network of intron 13 of MCM6 gene in the global population sample. The network was constructed with 26 SNPs (identified by sequence analysis of 170 global population samples) spanning 3218 bp of the intron 13 of the MCM6 gene. The network shows that the European LP European allele T−13910 (H98) and the African G−13907 allele (H100) have the same lactase nonpersistence (LNP) ancestral background allele (H84). The root was based on the chimpanzee sequence of intron 13 of MCM6 gene. Yellow circles represent LNP alleles whereas the green represent the LP alleles. Size of the circles is proportional to the frequency in our global samples. The G−13915 (H99) has a different background haplotype (H107) (potentially coevolved with the domestication of camels), whereas T−13910 (H98) and G−13907 (referred here as H100) share a same background haplotype (H105) (most likely coevolved with the domestication of cattle). The derived mutations are shown on the branches; the bold red mutations represent mutations associated with LP.

(B) Haplotype network consisting of 47 SNPs spanning 31 kb region between intron 1 of LCT gene and intron 7 of MCM6 gene in 170 global samples. The network obtained with data across this wider DNA region still indicates that H98 and H100 share a common ancestor background allele (H84, gray), whereas the LP H99 shows a different ancestral background allele (H107).

(C) Plot of the haplotypes H84, H98, and H100 spanning more than 1.1 Mb showing that the LNP H84 shares the same ancestral background haplotypes with LP H98 and H100 up to 1.1 Mb. The red indicates the derived allele; yellow indicates the ancestral allele at the SNP sites analyzed. Blue indicates the derived allele G−13907 at the SNP site; green indicates the derived alleles T−13910 and G−22018 at those SNP sites.

(D) Phylogenetic relationship between the haplotypes H98, H100, and H84 at 31 kb and 1137 kb resolution would provide genetic evidence that the Europeans and the Africans most probably have a shared a cattle domestication culture in very recent historical times.