Table 1.

Variables included in the analyses

Background Characteristics	Behavioural Decisions	Perinatal Outcomes
Distance from dispensary a) Binary – less or more than 5 km b) Actual distance in km	Antenatal care a) At least one visit b) Number of visits if >0 There were insufficient data to assess the timing of ANC	Pregnancy outcome Live birth vs. stillbirth
SES a) Wealth Quintile (using the World Bank method [21]) b) Income (mean reported income over three visits) There was no correlation between these measures (χ2 = 126, p < 0.001)	Tetanus Typhoid (TT) and Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) doses The number of TT and SP doses are perfectly correlated and hence are considered as a single variable	Healthy Weight Healthy ≥ 2.5 kg
Education	Use of an insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITMN)
Mother's age	Who assisted delivery
Gravidity Dummy variable to indicate women who are primigravidae	Where delivery took place A formal health facility is any of the 5 levels of health facility provided in Kenya (Dispensaries/Clinics, Health centres, primary hospitals, secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals). In 2004, there were 4,767 health facilities in Kenya, 362 of which are in the Coast province [22]. Dispensaries are staffed by enrolled nurses, public health technicians and dressers (medical assistants) [22].