Table 1.

Properties of mammalian TIMPs

Property	TIMP-1	TIMP-2	TIMP-3	TIMP-4	References
Mass (mature protein)	28.5	21	22/27	22	[7–10]
Core protein size (aa residues)	195	194	188	184	[7–10]
Protein expression	Inducible	Constitutive	Inducible	Inducible	[7–10]
N-glycosylation	Yes	No	Yes	No	[8–10, 40]
Diffusible/soluble	Diffusible	Diffusible	ECM bound	Diffusible	[8–10, 40]
Chromosome location	Xp11.23–11.4	17q23–25	22q12.1–13.2	3p25	[8–10]
Nested genes	Nested in synapsin 1	Contains nested DDC8	Nested in synapsin 3	Nested in synapsin 2	[16–18]
mRNA (kbp)	0.9	1.0/3.5	5.0	1.4	[8–10]
Weak inhibitor of MMP	MT-MMPs	None identified	None identified	None identified	[7–10]
ADAM Inhibition	10	None reported	12,17,10, TS-4, TS-5	None reported	[8–10]
Growth/apoptosis	Inhibits apoptosis	Inhibits growth	Promotes apoptosis	Inhibits growth & promotes tumor growth	[24–26, 35–38, 43]
Cell surface binding	Nanomolar	Low-nanomolar	Nanomolar	Not reported	[24, 26, 35–38, 43, 47, 49, 53]
Receptor	CD63	α3β1	VEGFR-2, TACE	Not identified	[31 35, 38, 53, 59]
Signaling	FAK, PI3K, p27Kip1	PTP, Shp-1, p27Kip1, p21Cip1, Rap1	Antagonist, Inhibit TNF release	Not reported	[31, 34, 35, 38, 53, 55, 56, 59]

Summarized in this table are a number of properties of the mammalian TIMP family. Notable distinguishing features for TIMP family members include the ECM binding of TIMP-3 and that TIMP-2 is the only member whose gene is not nested within a synapsin family gene.