DNase I footprinting in vivo of the top strand of the phas promoter proximal region. Nuclei were isolated from seed or leaf tissue and treated with various levels of DNase I. DNA was then extracted and subjected to LMPCR. (A) DNase I footprinting of the +70 to −41 phas promoter region from seed nuclei (lanes 1 and 2) and leaf nuclei (lanes 5 and 6) with naked DNA as a reference (lanes 3 and 4), using primers annealed to the +90 region. The DNase I concentrations used were: lane 1, 6 units; lane 2, 12 units; lane 3, 1 unit; lane 4, 2 units; lane 5, 6 units; lane 6, 12 units. (B) DNase I footprinting of the +21 to −93 region of the phas promoter in seed nuclei (lanes 1 and 2) and leaf nuclei (lanes 5 and 6) with naked DNA as a control (lanes 3 and 4), using primers annealed to the +45 region. DNase I concentrations used were as in A. For both A and B, open arrows show DNase I sensitivity at intervals of 10 bp, a pattern characteristic of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome or TFIID. Base positions are numbered relative to the transcription start site, and potentially important cis-elements are labeled.