FIG. 4.

Example of a bioreactor system used to mechanically stimulate engineered vascular tissues in vitro: (A) three-module bioreactor showing lumen and external flow direction (arrows), (B) schematic of bioreactor flow circuit during construct culture. (Used by permission from Williams, C., and Wick, T.M. Perfusion bioreactor for small diameter tissue-engineered arteries. Tissue Eng 10, 930, 2004.)