PBMC (1 × 106 cells/mL) from healthy, malaria-naïve adult U.S. donors (n=8) were stimulated with medium alone (control; grey line) or with sHz (10μg/mL; black line). Cells were collected at 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hrs for determination of IL-23p19 (A), IL-12p35 (B), IL-12p40 (C), and IL-10 (D) transcript levels by real time RT-PCR (determined in duplicate for each time point). Values represent mean ± SEM.