Table 2. Linear regressions for MMP-9 as dependent variable.
| a) Age and sex | b) Age, sex, smoking and alcohol intake | c) Age, sex, smoking alcohol intake and CRP | ||||
| Variable (SD increment or category) | Beta (95% CI) | p-value | Beta (95% CI) | p-value | Beta (95% CI) | p-value |
| BMI, (4.3 kg/m2) | 2.3 (−0.0;4.4) | 0.053 | 2.3 (0.1;4.7) | 0.038 | 0.4 (−2.0;2.8) | 0.731 |
| Waist circumference (13.0 cm) | 3.4 (0.7;6.1) | 0.013 | 3.0 (0.4;5.7) | 0.023 | 0.7 (−2.1;3.5) | 0.624 |
| Diabetes (y/n) | −7.8 (−17.3;1.7) | 0.104 | −5.3 (−15.2;4.5) | 0.282 | −6.7 (−16.2;2.8) | 0.165 |
| SBP (19 mm Hg) | 2.9 (0.4;5.4) | 0.022 | 3.0 (0.6;5.5) | 0.014 | 2.5 (0.1;4.9) | 0.037 |
| DBP (12 mm Hg) | 2.1 (−0.2;4.5) | 0.075 | 2.0 (−0.3;4.3) | 0.092 | 1.5 (−0.8;3.8) | 0.189 |
| Heart rate (10.4 bpm) | 2.7 (0.3;5.1) | 0.024 | 0.7 (−1.6;3.2) | 0.518 | −0.3 (−2.7;2.1) | 0.806 |
| Total cholesterol (0.95 nmol/L) | −0.2 (−2.6;2.1) | 0.823 | −0.4 (−2.8;2.0) | 0.735 | −0.4 (−2.7;1.9) | 0.702 |
| LDL (0.83 nmol/L) | −0.7 (−3.1;1.7) | 0.554 | −0.5 (−3.0;1.8) | 0.621 | −0.7 (−3.0;1.6) | 0.556 |
| HDL (0.35 nmol/L) | −2.5 (−5.0;−0.0) | 0.046 | −2.0 (−4.6;0.4) | 0.099 | −1.1 (−3.6;1.3) | 0.363 |
| LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (0.70) | 1.2 (−1.2;3.7) | 0.297 | 0.8 (−1.6;3.3) | 0.498 | 0.1 (−2.8;2.4) | 0.974 |
| Triglycerides (0.79 nmol/L) | 3.7 (1.4;6.1) | 0.002 | 3.2 (0.2;6.3) | 0.036 | 2.1 (−0.8;5.2) | 0.148 |
| Smoking (y/n) | 17.0 (11.0;23.1) | <0.001 | 14.0 (7.4;20.6) | <0.001 | 13.8 (7.5;20.2) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake (3 ordinal cat.) | 7.2 (3.4;10.9) | <0.001 | 6.3 (2.2;10.6) | 0.003 | 6.0 (2.0;10.0) | 0.004 |
| Physical exercise (3 ordinal cat.) | −6.4 (−11.3;−1.5) | 0.010 | −3.1 (−8.2;1.8) | 0.204 | −1.9 (−6.8;2.9) | 0.423 |
| Fruit intake (3 ordinal cat.) | −4.1 (−8.4;0.0) | 0.050 | −2.4 (−6.7;1.8) | 0.259 | −2.4 (−6.6;1.7) | 0.235 |
| CRP (quartiles) | 4.3 (2.3;6.4) | <0.001 | 4.7 (2.7;6.7) | <0.001 | 4.7 (2.7;6.7) | <0.001 |
a) Models adjusted one by one for age and sex. b) Adjusted one by one for age, sex, smoking and alcohol intake. c) As b plus adjusted for CRP. Beta coefficients are expressed as increase of MMP-9 in ng/mL per SD, dichotomy or category, respectively.
Coefficients written in bold if significant. a) n = 335 to 345, b) and c) n = 313, based on participants with full info on all variables.