Figure 3.

Multilabel confocal microscopy demonstrating co-localization of CD163, Iba1, and HLA-DR indicative of CD163 expression on activated microglia. Images for individual channels from the same field (Iba1 with Alexa 488, green; HLA-DR with Alexa 568, red; and CD163 with Alexa 633, blue) are shown on the left and a larger merged image containing all three channels showing co-localization of the three markers is on the right. Microglia (Iba1⁺ cells) expressing HLA-DR appear yellow, CD163⁺ cells expressing HLA-DR appear purple, and the co-localization of CD163 and Iba1 appear light blue. Note that the co-localization of all three colors indicates that CD163 is expressed by activated microglia.