Table 1.

Characteristics of patients in descriptive analysis

	Confirmed CSE (n=155)	Probable CSE (n=233)
Inclusion criteria for probable CSE
Convulsions on arrival to hospital	..	180 (77%)
Phenytoin or phenobarbital to stop seizures	..	48 (21%)
Coma on admission, >1 seizure in previous 30 min	..	1 (<1%)
Coma on admission, >10 seizures in previous 24 h	..	4 (2%)
Demographic characteristics
Age <12 months	29 (19%)	48 (21%)
Male	76 (49%)	113 (48%)
Clinical history
History of any seizures	36 (23%)	83 (36%)
Presented during first seizure of illness	23 (15%)	68 (29%)
Focal onset seizure	77 (50%)	74 (32%)*
Received >2 antiepileptic drugs during CSE	63 (41%)	5 (2%)
Physical findings during CSE
Malnutrition (WHZ <−2)	50 (32%)†	70 (30%)‡
Fever (axillary temperature ≥38·0°C)	74 (48%)	105 (45%)§
Hypoxia (oxygen saturation <92%)	108 (70%)	94 (40%)*
Laboratory parameters
Hypoglycaemia (blood glucose <2·5 mmol/L)	18 (12%)	23 (10)¶
Severe anaemia (haemoglobin <50 g/L)	14 (9%)	21 (9%)‖
Positive malaria slide	101 (65%)	152 (65%)
Bacteraemia	23 (15%)	18 (8%)**
Lumbar puncture done	136 (88%)	179 (77%)
Acute bacterial meningitis	20 (13%)††	13 (6%)‡‡
Primary diagnosis
Malaria without febrile convulsion	49 (32%)	65 (28%)
Febrile convulsion secondary to malaria	35 (23%)	57 (24%)
Febrile convulsion secondary to other infection	3 (2%)	11 (5%)
Acute bacterial meningitis	15 (10%)	16 (7%)
Other infection without febrile convulsion	10 (6%)	13 (6%)
Encephalopathy of unknown cause	24 (15%)	11 (5%)
Anaemia	11 (7%)	21 (9%)
Epilepsy	2 (1%)	21 (9%)
Outcomes
Died before discharge	36 (23%)	23 (10%)
Neurological sequelae at discharge	28 (18%)	18 (8%)

WHZ=weight-for-height Z score.

^*4 missing values.

^†7 missing values.

^‡18 missing values.

^§1 missing value.

^¶5 missing values.

^‖2 missing values.

^**1 missing value.

^††19 missing values.

^‡‡54 missing values.