Table 2.
Changes in biomedical outcomes by follow-up times and treatment differences between participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes allocated to a structured group education programme or to usual care (control)
| Variables | Change† (95% CI) | Model summary‡ | P value§ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Control group | Coefficient (95% CI) | ||
| Haemoglobin A1c level (%): | ||||
| 4 months | −1.23 (−1.41 to −1.06) | 0.93 (−1.10 to −0.76) | 0.02 (−0.14 to 0.19) | 0.78 |
| 8 months | −1.50 (−1.69 to −1.31) | −1.11 (−1.29 to −0.92) | −0.03 (−0.18 to 0.13) | 0.74 |
| 12 months | −1.49 (−1.69 to −1.29) | −1.21 (−1.40 to −1.02) | 0.05 (−0.10 to 0.20) | 0.52 |
| Overall¶ | — | — | 0.01 (−0.12 to 0.14) | 0.88 |
| Body weight (kg): | ||||
| 4 months | −2.84 (−3.24 to −2.45) | −2.05 (−2.47 to −1.63) | −0.72 (−1.35 to −0.10) | 0.024* |
| 8 months | −3.08 (−3.62 to −2.54) | −2.29 (−2.81 to −1.77) | −0.76 (−1.63 to 0.09) | 0.081 |
| 12 months | −2.98 (−3.54 to −2.41) | −1.86 (−2.44 to −1.28) | −1.01 (−1.91 to −0.12) | 0.027* |
| Overall¶ | — | — | −0.83 (−1.55 to −0.11) | 0.025* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l): | ||||
| 8 months | −0.89 (−1.02 to −0.77) | −0.88 (−1.01 to −0.75) | −0.12 (−0.29 to 0.05) | 0.17 |
| 12 months | −0.95 (−1.09 to −0.81) | −0.94 (−1.08 to −0.81) | −0.08 (−0.25 to 0.08) | 0.33 |
| Overall¶ | — | — | 0.05 (−0.19 to 0.29) | 0.70 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l): | ||||
| 8 months | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.03) | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.09) | 0.14 |
| 12 months | 0.05 (0.004 to 0.09) | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.05 to 0.08) | 0.62 |
| Overall¶ | — | — | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08) | 0.75 |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l): | ||||
| 8 months | −0.59 (−0.72 to −0.46) | −0.78 (−0.95 to −0.61) | −0.02 (−0.18 to 0.14) | 0.81 |
| 12 months | −0.75 (−0.89 to −0.61) | −0.90 (−1.07 to −0.72) | 0.001 (−0.19 to 0.19) | 0.99 |
| Overall¶ | — | — | −0.04 (−0.30 to 0.22) | 0.78 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l): | ||||
| 8 months | −0.57 (−0.71 to −0.42) | −0.34 (−0.53 to −0.15) | −0.33 (−0.58 to −0.09) | 0.008** |
| 12 months | −0.51 (−0.66 to −0.36) | −0.48 (−0.66 to −0.29) | −0.15 (−0.37 to 0.07) | 0.18 |
| Overall¶ | — | — | −0.11 (−0.42 to 0.21) | 0.50 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg): | ||||
| 4 months | −4.99 (−6.63 to −3.34) | −5.04 (−6.70 to −3.38) | 0.4 (−1.7 to 2.4) | 0.72 |
| 8 months | −7.99 (−9.63 to −6.35) | −5.93 (−7.93 to −3.93) | −1.4 (−3.8 to 1.0) | 0.25 |
| 12 months | −6.12 (−8.01 to −4.22) | −6.24 (−8.04 to −4.44) | 0.7 (−2.0 to 3.5) | 0.60 |
| Overall¶ | — | — | 0.1 (−1.8 to 2.0) | 0.93 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg): | ||||
| 4 months | −3.62 (−4.62 to −2.62) | −2.91 (−4.00 to −1.83) | −0.1 (−1.4 to 1.3) | 0.94 |
| 8 months | −4.55 (−5.62 to −3.48) | −3.49 (−4.66 to −2.32) | −0.2 (−1.6 to 1.2) | 0.78 |
| 12 months | −4.17 (−5.26 to −3.07) | −3.43 (−4.58 to −2.28) | 0.3 (−1.1 to 1.7) | 0.65 |
| Overall¶ | −0.1 (−1.2 to 1.0) | 0.85 | ||
| Waist circumference (cm): | ||||
| 8 months | −2.95 (−3.62 to −2.27) | −2.42 (−3.07 to −1.76) | −0.65 (−1.74 to 0.45) | 0.25 |
| 12 months | −2.85 (−3.66 to −2.03) | −2.79 (−3.50 to −2.08) | −0.08 (−1.32 to 1.15) | 0.90 |
| Overall¶ | — | — | −0.28 (−1.38 to 0.81) | 0.61 |
*P<0.05.
**P<0.01.
†Change from baseline (95% confidence interval) unadjusted.
‡Difference between treatment groups, adjusted for baseline value and cluster effect.
§Significance of intervention term in model.
¶Sum of outcomes at all follow-up points.