Table 3.
Summary of lifestyle outcomes by follow-up times for participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes allocated to a structured group education programme or to usual care (control). Values are percentages (numbers) of participants unless stated otherwise
| Outcomes | Control group | Intervention group | % difference (95% CI)* | Model summary† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95%CI)‡ | P value§ | ||||
| Smoking status¶: | |||||
| Baseline | 16 (53) | 14 (57) | — | — | — |
| 4 months | 14 (39) | 13 (43) | −1.6 (−7.0 to 3.8) | 3.09 (0.99 to 9.61) | 0.052 |
| 8 months | 14 (35) | 10 (33) | −3.7 (−9.1 to 1.7) | 2.97 (1.09 to 8.08) | 0.033 |
| 12 months | 16 (37) | 11 (32) | −5.1 (−11.2 to 1.0) | 3.56 (1.11 to 11.45) | 0.033 |
| Physical activity**: | |||||
| Baseline | 92 (302) | 93 (363) | — | — | — |
| 4 months | 91 (259) | 95 (336) | −4.3 (−8.3 to −0.3) | 2.17 (1.01 to 4.66) | 0.046 |
| 8 months | 93 (245) | 94 (305) | −6.8 (−9.9 to −3.8) | 1.18 (0.61 to 2.26) | 0.63 |
| 12 months | 96 (233) | 96 (293) | −0.6 (−4.0 to 2.8) | 1.11 (0.47 to 2.65) | 0.81 |
*Difference in proportion: (control)−(intervention).
†Estimates are derived using robust generalised estimating equations. Results are adjusted for baseline values and cluster effect.
‡Odds for not smoking in intervention group compared with control group.
§Significance of intervention term in model.
¶Reported in previous week.
**Any reported in previous week.