Table 1.

Means and Standard Deviations (in parentheses) for Working Memory and Vocabulary Tests for the Participants in Experiments I and II.

	Experiment I				Experiment II
	Young adults	Older adults	F(1, 46)	p	Young adults	Older adults	F(1, 46)	p
Digit Forward	8.96 (2.05)	7.83 (2.49)	2.91	.10	8.96 (2.56)	8.75 (2.03)	0.17	.68
Digit Backward	7.46 (2.25)	7.04 (2.46)	0.37	.54	6.96 (1.96)	5.29 (1.45)	6.18	.02
Reading Span	3.77 (0.75)	3.25 (0.75)	5.76	.02	3.71 (0.99)	2.85 (0.45)	14.54	< .001
Vocabulary	32.41 (4.41)	35.88 (3.05)	16.56	< .001	30.83 (3.93)	35.67 (2.53)	25.65	< .001