(A) Distribution of the nasal transitional epithelium (NTE) (marked in yellow) and respiratory epithelium (marked in blue) at the anterior portion of the nasal passage (T1) of rats exposed to filtered air (FA) + corn oil (CO). High-resolution histopathology of the NTE stained with toluidine blue from rats treated with (B) FA + CO, (C) FA+1-nitronaphthalene (1-NN), (D) O3+CO, and (E) O3+1-NN at 6 hours after CO/1-NN treatment. B, C, D, and E are high-magnification images of the pink-shaded maxilloturbinate on A. Insets are high-magnification images of the bracketed areas. In the O3+CO rats, marked goblet cell metaplasia and mild hyperplasia occurred (D). The metaplastic epithelium of the O3+1-NN rats (E) sustained much less 1-NN injury than that of the FA+1-NN rats (C). Arrowheads, basement membrane; arrows, polymorphonuclear cells; b, basal cells; g, goblet cells; n, nonciliated cuboidal/columnar cells; tb, turbinate bone; v, blood vessel.