TABLE 4.
Emergence of resistance during therapy
| Characteristic | No. of patients with emergence of resistance to the therapy/total no. of patients in the group (%)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| All patients | Patients with bacteremia | |
| Overall | 14/732 (1.9) | 5/202 (2.5) |
| Antimicrobial agent | ||
| Broad-spectrum cephalosporin | 11/218 (5.0) | 4/54 (7.4) |
| Cefepime | 0/20 (0) | 0/6 (0) |
| Extended-spectrum penicillin | 2/100 (2.0) | 1/18 (5.6) |
| Carbapenem | 0/226 (0) | 0/98 (0) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0/153 (0) | 0/27 (0) |
| Aminoglycoside | 1/89 (1.1) | 0/22 (0) |
| Organism | ||
| Enterobacter spp. | 13/443 (2.9) | 5/125 (4.0) |
| E. cloacae | 10/287 (3.5) | 2/88 (2.3) |
| E. aerogenes | 3/143 (2.1) | 3/32 (9.4) |
| E. agglomerans | 0/11 (0) | 0/4 (0) |
| E. asburiae | 0/2 (0) | 0/1 (0) |
| C. freundii | 1/130 (0.8) | 0/34 (0) |
| S. marcescens | 0/113 (0) | 0/33 (0) |
| M. morganii | 0/46 (0) | 0/10 (0) |
| Type of infection | ||
| Pneumonia | 3/193 (1.6) | 1/23 (4.3) |
| Biliary tract infection | 6/171 (3.5) | 2/74 (2.7) |
| Urinary tract infection | 0/112 (0) | 0/12 (0) |
| Primary bacteremia | 0/78 (0) | 0/74 (0) |
| Skin and soft tissue infection | 4/77 (5.2) | 1/3 (33.3) |
| Intra-abdominal infection | 1/63 (1.6) | 1/14 (7.1) |
| Central nervous system infection | 0/3 (0) | 0 |
| Catheter-associated infection | 0/3 (0) | 0/2 (0) |
| Other | 0/32 (0) | |
| Monotherapy vs combination therapy | ||
| Monotherapy | 11/621 (1.8) | 3/171 (1.8) |
| Combination therapy | 3/111 (2.7) | 2/31 (6.5) |
| Concomitant bacteremia | ||
| Bacteremia positive | 5/202 (2.5) | 6/202 (3.0) |
| Bacteremia negative | 9/530 (1.7) | |
| ESBL production | ||
| ESBL positive | 2/65 (3.1) | 0/21 (0) |
| ESBL negative | 12/667 (1.8) | 5/181 (2.8) |