FIG. 3.

Protective effects of metal chelators for survival of E. coli on copper surfaces. Cells were treated as described in the legend for Fig. 1 except samples were withdrawn only after 0, 45, and 60 s. Cells were mixed with Cu(II) chelator EDTA (gray bars), Cu(I) chelator BCS (white bars), or no chelator (black bars) prior to application onto copper surfaces. Shown are averages with standard deviations (error bars) from three independent experiments.