Table 4.
Table 4a. DSM-IV Disorders as risk factors for 1st onset of suicide-related outcomes in the developed countries: Pooled Analysis
Table 4b. DSM-IV Disorders as risk factors for 1st onset of suicide-related outcomes in the developing countries: Pooled Analysis
|
Total Sample (n=32,921) |
Among Ideators |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ideation | Plan | Attempt | Plan (n=5,017) | Attempt (n=5,017) | Attempt w/o a lifetime plan (n=3,189) | Attempt w/a lifetime plan (n=1,828) | ||||||||
| Disorder category | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Any anxiety disorders1 | 3.4* | (3.2 – 3.7) | 4.5* | (3.9 – 5.1) | 4.8* | (4.1 – 5.5) | 1.6* | (1.3 – 1.8) | 1.5* | (1.3 – 1.8) | 1.3* | (1.0 – 1.7) | 1.6* | (1.2 – 2.0) |
| Any mood disorders1,3 | 4.7* | (4.2 – 5.2) | 5.8* | (4.9 – 6.9) | 5.9* | (5.0 – 7.1) | 1.5* | (1.3 – 1.8) | 1.3* | (1.1 – 1.6) | 1.3 | (0.9 – 1.7) | 1.2 | (0.9 – 1.5) |
| Any impulse-control disorders2 | 3.3* | (2.8 – 3.8) | 3.6* | (2.8 – 4.6) | 4.2* | (3.3 – 5.4) | 1.4* | (1.0 – 1.9) | 1.5* | (1.1 – 2.1) | 1.5* | (1.0 – 2.3) | 1.5* | (1.0 – 2.2) |
| Any substance use disorders1,3 | 2.8* | (2.5 – 3.2) | 4.1* | (3.4 – 4.9) | 4.2* | (3.5 – 5.1) | 1.9* | (1.6 – 2.4) | 1.6* | (1.2 – 2.1) | 1.9* | (1.3 – 2.7) | 1.4 | (1.0 – 1.9) |
| Any disorders1 | 4.1* | (3.8 – 4.5) | 5.8* | (5.0 – 6.8) | 6.4* | (5.4 – 7.6) | 1.6* | (1.4 – 1.9) | 1.6* | (1.3 – 1.9) | 1.5* | (1.1 – 1.9) | 1.6* | (1.2 – 2.1) |
| Exactly 1 disorder1 | 1.0 | (0.9 – 1.1) | 0.9 | (0.7 – 1.1) | 0.8 | (0.7 – 1.1) | 0.8 | (0.6 – 1.0) | 0.8 | (0.6 – 1.1) | 0.7 | (0.4 – 1.1) | 0.9 | (0.6 – 1.3) |
| Exactly 2 disorders1 | 2.1* | (1.9 – 2.4) | 1.9* | (1.5 – 2.2) | 1.9* | (1.5 – 2.3) | 0.9 | (0.7 – 1.1) | 1.0 | (0.7 – 1.3) | 1.2 | (0.8 – 1.8) | 0.8 | (0.6 – 1.2) |
| 3+ disorders1 | 6.1* | (5.6 – 6.6) | 8.6* | (7.4 – 10.0) | 8.9* | (7.7 – 10.3) | 2.0* | (1.7 – 2.4) | 1.8* | (1.5 – 2.1) | 1.7* | (1.3 – 2.1) | 1.8* | (1.4 – 2.3) |
|
Total Sample (n=15,506)
|
Among Ideators
|
|||||||||||||
| Ideation | Plan | Attempt | Plan (n=1,855) | Attempt (n=1,855) | Attempt w/o a lifetime plan (n=1,050) | Attempt w/a lifetime plan (n=805) | ||||||||
| Disorder category | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Any anxiety disorders1 | 2.8* | (2.4 – 3.2) | 3.6* | (2.8 – 4.5) | 3.5* | (2.8 – 4.3) | 1.5* | (1.2 – 1.9) | 1.2 | (0.9 – 1.5) | 1.1 | (0.7 – 1.6) | 1.3 | (0.9 – 1.8) |
| Any mood disorders1 | 3.4* | (2.8 – 4.1) | 5.5* | (4.4 – 6.9) | 4.7* | (3.6 – 6.0) | 2.1* | (1.6 – 2.9) | 1.0 | (0.8 – 1.4) | 0.8 | (0.5 – 1.3) | 1.2 | (0.8 – 1.9) |
| Any impulse-control disorders2 | 4.4* | (3.5 – 5.5) | 6.5* | (4.8 – 8.8) | 6.3* | (4.6 – 8.5) | 2.1* | (1.5 – 2.9) | 1.6* | (1.1 – 2.4) | 1.4 | (0.8 – 2.6) | 2.3* | (1.3 – 4.2) |
| Any substance use disorders1 | 2.9* | (2.3 – 3.7) | 4.2* | (3.0 – 5.9) | 4.6* | (3.5 – 6.3) | 1.8* | (1.1 – 2.8) | 1.4* | (1.0 – 2.0) | 1.2 | (0.6 – 2.5) | 1.6 | (1.0 – 2.5) |
| Any disorders1 | 3.6* | (3.1 – 4.1) | 5.4* | (4.4 – 6.7) | 5.3* | (4.2 – 6.6) | 1.8* | (1.4 – 2.4) | 1.4* | (1.1 – 1.7) | 1.2 | (0.8 – 1.7) | 1.6* | (1.1 – 2.3) |
| Exactly 1 disorder1 | 1.4* | (1.1 – 1.7) | 1.0 | (0.8 – 1.3) | 1.2 | (0.9 – 1.6) | 0.7* | (0.5 – 1.0) | 0.9 | (0.7 – 1.3) | 0.9 | (0.5 – 1.6) | 1.0 | (0.6 – 1.6) |
| Exactly 2 disorders1 | 2.8* | (2.3 – 3.5) | 3.7* | (2.9 – 4.7) | 3.1* | (2.4 – 4.1) | 1.5* | (1.1 – 2.1) | 1.1 | (0.8 – 1.6) | 0.9 | (0.5 – 1.5) | 1.0 | (0.6 – 1.7) |
| 3+ disorders1 | 5.9* | (4.9 – 7.2) | 10.0* | (7.7 – 12.9) | 9.2* | (7.4 – 11.6) | 2.5* | (1.9 – 3.3) | 1.5* | (1.1 – 2.1) | 1.6* | (1.0 – 2.6) | 1.8* | (1.2 – 2.7) |
OR significant at the 0.05 level, 2-sided test
Assessed in the Part II sample
Assessed only in the Part II sample with age range 18–44
New Zealand assessed in the Part I sample
Results are based on multivariate discrete-time survival model
Each model controls for person-year, countries and the sociodemographic variables from the table 2
Developed countries include: United States, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Israel, Japan and New Zealand
Developing countries include: Colombia, Mexico, Ukraine, Lebanon, Nigeria, South Africa and People's Republic of China
Any mood disorder = major depressive, dysthymic, and bipolar disorders; Any impulse-control disorder = intermittent explosive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, conduct, and oppositional defiant disorders; Any anxiety disorder = panic, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety, specific phobia, social phobia, post-traumatic stress, and adult separation anxiety disorders; Any substance use disorder = alcohol abuse or dependence and illicit drug abuse or dependence.