Model for reaction mechanism of human excinuclease. XPC⋅HHR23B is a molecular matchmaker that is not present in either the penultmate or the ultimate dual incision complex. A, B, and D, XPA, XPB, and XPD, respectively; C/23B, XPC⋅HHR23B, G, XPG; and F/E1, XPF⋅ERCC1 complex.