Table 1.
Risk of maternal deaths by demographic and pregnancy-related factors among women, rural Tanzania, 1995–96
| Variable | ANC attendeesa | Maternal deaths Cases 1b | ORc (95%CI) | Maternal deaths Cases 2d | ORc (95%CI) |
| Total e | 135 | 45 | 31 | ||
| Age | |||||
| 15–24 years | 65 | 14 | 1.0 | 9 | 1.0 |
| 25–34 years | 56 | 18 | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) | 12 | 1.6 (0.6–4.0) |
| 35–49 years | 14 | 12 | 4.0 (1.5–10.6) | 9 | 4.1 (1.3–12.4) |
| Ward groups f | |||||
| 1 | 54 | 4 | 1.0 | 3 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 6 | 7 | 18.0 (2.6–123) | 6 | 17.2 (2.1–143) |
| 3 | 27 | 11 | 1.4 (0.3–6.9) | 6 | 1.8 (0.3–10.8) |
| 4 | 38 | 15 | 2.8 (0.7–11.7) | 13 | 3.3 (0.6–17.1) |
| 5 | 5 | 5 | 23.1 (2.0–271) | 1 | 30.1 (1.1- 823) |
| 6 | 5 | 3 | 7.6 (0.8–76.7) | 2 | 4.5 (0.3–69.6) |
| Woman's ethnic affiliation | |||||
| Iraqw | 111 | 31 | 1.0 | 23 | 1.0 |
| Datoga | 22 | 8 | 1.3 (0.5–3.3) | 5 | 1.2 (0.4–3.7) |
| Other | 2 | 6 | 13.6 (2.5–75.0) | 3 | 7.3 (1.1–50.0) |
| Husband's ethnic affiliation | |||||
| Iraqw | 95 | 29 | 1.0 | 21 | 1.0 |
| Datoga | 25 | 9 | 1.3 (0.5–3.1) | 8 | 1.6 (0.6–4.2) |
| Other | 4 | 2 | 2.3 (0.4–13.7) | 1 | 1.5 (0.2–14.4) |
| Woman's religious affiliation | |||||
| Christian | 104 | 27 | 1.0 | 19 | 1.0 |
| Traditional/other | 30 | 18 | 2.1 (1.0–4.5) | 12 | 2.0 (0.8–4.9) |
| Husband's religious affiliation | |||||
| Christian | 84 | 18 | 1.0 | 11 | 1.0 |
| Traditional/other | 38 | 22 | 2.6 (1.2–5.7) | 19 | 3.6 (1.5–8.7) |
| Woman's education | |||||
| 1–7 years school | 96 | 24 | 1.0 | 18 | 1.0 |
| No school | 38 | 15 | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 12 | 1.3 (0.5–3.1) |
| Husband's education | |||||
| 1–7 years school | 92 | 20 | 1.0 | 16 | 1.0 |
| No school | 32 | 17 | 2.2 (1.0–5.0) | 12 | 2.0 (0.8–5.1) |
| Parity | |||||
| Pregnancy 1 | 36 | 10 | 1.5 (0.6–3.9) | 8 | 1.9 (0.6–5.7) |
| Pregnancy 2–4 | 56 | 16 | 1.0 | 10 | 1.0 |
| Pregnancy 5–15 | 43 | 17 | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | 13 | 0.7 (0.2–2.3) |
| Previous abortions | |||||
| No abortions | 115 | 41 | 1.0 | 30 | 1.0 |
| 1–3 abortions | 20 | 2 | 0.2 (0.04–1.0) | 1 | 0.2 (0.02–1.2) |
| Previous stillbirths | |||||
| No stillbirths | 122 | 38 | 1.0 | 26 | 1.0 |
| 1–2 stillbirths | 13 | 5 | 1.1 (0.4–3.3) | 5 | 1.7 (0.5–5.3) |
| Previous perinatal deaths | |||||
| No perinatal deaths | 110 | 34 | 1.0 | 24 | 1.0 |
| 1–3 perinatal deaths | 25 | 9 | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) | 7 | 1.2 (0.4–3.1) |
a Antenatal clinic attendees (control group)
b Cases 1 – all maternal deaths found in the study
c Adjusted for age and ward (place of residence)
d Cases 2- all maternal deaths of women who attended any antenatal clinic during last pregnancy
e There were various numbers of missing cases and controls in the different groups
f Wards grouped according to location: 1 = Haydom (reference), 2 = Dongobesh+Tumati+Bashay; 3 = Basotu+Basodesh; 4 = Maghang+Maretadu; 5 = Laghanga+Getanwas+Hirbadaw; 6 = Yaeda Chini.