Table 4.
Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analyses for Predicting Overall Survival of UUT-TCC Patients.
| Variable (n) | Deaths, n | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Model One | Multivariate Model Two | Multivariate Model Three | ||||
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||
| Age | |||||||||
| < 70 (46) | 17 | Ref. | |||||||
| ≥ 70 (54) | 22 | 1.3 (0.92–1.8) | .15 | ||||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Men (68) | 28 | Ref. | |||||||
| Women (32) | 11 | 0.98 (0.68–1.4) | .93 | ||||||
| Tumor location | |||||||||
| Renal pelvis (40) | 15 | Ref. | |||||||
| Ureter + Both (60) | 24 | 0.95 (0.69–1.3) | .77 | ||||||
| Tumor stage | |||||||||
| Tis/Ta/T1 (39) | 12 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| T2/T3/T4 (56) | 25 | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | .0061 | 1.4 (0.93–2.1) | .12 | 1.3 (0.90–1.9) | .17 | 1.4 (0.94–2.0) | .11 |
| Lymph node metastasis | |||||||||
| Negative (80) | 30 | Ref. | |||||||
| Positive (10) | 5 | 1.5 (0.87–2.3) | .13 | ||||||
| Distant metastasis | |||||||||
| Negative (86) | 32 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Positive (5) | 4 | 2.3 (1.2–3.8) | .012 | 2.2 (1.1–4.0) | .022 | 2.1 (1.1–3.6) | .026 | 1.8 (0.95–3.1) | .067 |
| Tumor grade | |||||||||
| G1/G2 (48) | 13 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| G3 (47) | 23 | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | .015 | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | .048 | 1.3 (0.94–1.9) | .11 | 1.3 (0.88–1.9) | .21 |
| Histopathology | |||||||||
| Pure TCC (95) | 36 | Ref. | |||||||
| TCC with SCC (5) | 3 | 1.2 (0.59–2.0) | .55 | ||||||
| Operation | |||||||||
| Yes (94) | 37 | Ref. | |||||||
| No (6) | 2 | 1.2 (0.50–2.3) | .58 | ||||||
| Chemotherapy/Radiotherapy | |||||||||
| None (52) | 18 | Ref. | |||||||
| Chemotherapy (24) | 9 | 0.91 (0.59–1.3) | .64 | ||||||
| Radiotherapy (4) | 2 | 1.1 (0.45–2.2) | .73 | ||||||
| Both (16) | 7 | 1.2 (0.72–1.8) | .53 | ||||||
| XPC (Lys939Gln, A/C) | |||||||||
| Lys/Lys (27) | 17 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Lys/Gln (46) | 15 | 0.65 (0.45–0.93) | .019 | ||||||
| Gln/Gln (18) | 4 | 0.48 (0.25–0.80) | .0041 | ||||||
| Lys/Gln + Gln/Gln (64) | 19 | 0.60 (0.43–0.84) | .0032 | 0.59 (0.40–0.86) | .0063 | ||||
| Lys/Gln + Gln/Gln (64) | 19 | 0.60 (0.43–0.84) | .0032 | 0.59 (0.40–0.86) | .0063 | ||||
| Lys/Lys + Lys/Gln (73) | 32 | Ref. | |||||||
| Gln/Gln (18) | 4 | 0.61 (0.33–0.97) | .035 | ||||||
| XPD (Lys751Gln, A/C)* | |||||||||
| Lys/Lys (93) | 35 | Ref. | |||||||
| Lys/Gln + Gln/Gln (3) | 1 | 0.64 (0.15–1.5) | .36 | ||||||
| XPG (Asp1104His, G/C) | |||||||||
| Asp/Asp (19) | 7 | Ref. | |||||||
| Asp/His (41) | 23 | 1.3 (0.86–2.0) | .22 | ||||||
| His/His (34) | 7 | 0.70 (0.40–1.2) | .20 | ||||||
| Asp/His + His/His (75) | 30 | 1.0 (0.71–1.7) | .82 | ||||||
| Asp/Asp + Asp/His (60) | 30 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| His/His (34) | 7 | 0.60 (0.37–0.89) | .010 | 0.79 (0.48–1.2) | .30 | ||||
| XRCC1 (Arg399Gln, G/A)* | |||||||||
| Arg/Arg (50) | 20 | Ref. | |||||||
| Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln (46) | 17 | 0.91 (0.65–1.3) | .59 | ||||||
| XRCC3 (Thr241Met, C/T)* | |||||||||
| Thr/Thr (79) | 31 | Ref. | |||||||
| Thr/Met + Met/Met (15) | 4 | 0.68 (0.37–1.1) | .12 | ||||||
| Total variant alleles in DNA repair genes | |||||||||
| ≤ 3 (73) | 33 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| > 3 (27) | 6 | 0.60 (0.37–0.91) | .013 | 0.61 (0.37–0.92) | .016 | ||||
| Total variant alleles in NER genes† | |||||||||
| ≤ 2 (70) | 36 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| > 2 (29) | 3 | 0.45 (0.22–0.76) | .0011 | 0.49 (0.24–0.83) | .0053 | ||||
Bold font indicates statistical significance.
UUT-TCC indicates upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; NER, nucleotide excision repair; Ref., Reference.
*
For those polymorphisms with few homozygous variant alleles, only the combined results of the heterozygous and homozygous variant alleles were shown.
†
NER genes included XPC, XPD, and XPG.