Table 5.
Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analyses for Predicting Disease-Specific Survival of UUT-TCC Patients.
| Variable (n) | Deaths, n | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Model One | Multivariate Model Two | Multivariate Model Three | ||||
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||
| Age | |||||||||
| < 70 (46) | 13 | Ref. | |||||||
| ≥ 70 (54) | 11 | 0.97 (0.64–1.5) | .87 | ||||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Men (68) | 18 | Ref. | |||||||
| Women (32) | 6 | 0.87 (0.52–1.3) | .54 | ||||||
| Tumor location | |||||||||
| Renal pelvis (40) | 8 | Ref. | |||||||
| Ureter + both (60) | 16 | 1.0 (0.67–1.6) | .93 | ||||||
| Tumor stage | |||||||||
| Tis/Ta/T1 (39) | 4 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| T2/T3/T4 (56) | 18 | 2.3 (1.4–4.2) | .0008 | 1.8 (0.98–4.1) | .060 | 1.7 (0.98–3.5) | .058 | 1.8 (1.0–3.5) | .033 |
| Lymph node metastasis | |||||||||
| Negative (80) | 16 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Positive (10) | 5 | 2.0 (1.2–3.3) | .016 | 0.66 (0.20–2.6) | .52 | 0.76 (0.34–1.5) | .46 | 0.71 (0.30–1.5) | .38 |
| Distant metastasis | |||||||||
| Negative (86) | 18 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Positive (5) | 4 | 3.0 (1.6–5.3) | .0022 | 6.6 (1.7–22) | .0069 | 3.4 (1.5–7.4) | .0034 | 2.9 (1.3–6.5) | .012 |
| Tumor grade | |||||||||
| G1/G2 (48) | 6 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| G3 (47) | 15 | 1.7 (1.1–2.9) | .018 | 1.5 (0.86–3.0) | .16 | 1.5 (0.88–2.6) | .14 | 1.4 (0.82–2.5) | .22 |
| Histopathology | |||||||||
| Pure TCC (95) | 21 | Ref. | |||||||
| TCC with SCC (5) | 3 | 1.6 (0.76–2.7) | .20 | ||||||
| Operation | |||||||||
| Yes (94) | 22 | Ref. | |||||||
| No (6) | 2 | 1.6 (0.63–2.9) | .28 | ||||||
| Chemotherapy/Radiotherapy | |||||||||
| None (52) | 8 | Ref. | |||||||
| Chemotherapy (24) | 6 | 1.1 (0.63–1.9) | .71 | ||||||
| Radiotherapy (4) | 1 | 1.2 (0.28–2.9) | .74 | ||||||
| Both (16) | 7 | 1.7 (0.98–2.8) | .058 | ||||||
| XPC (Lys939Gln, A/C) | |||||||||
| Lys/Lys (27) | 12 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Lys/Gln (46) | 9 | 0.63 (0.40–0.98) | .038 | ||||||
| Gln/Gln (18) | 1 | 0.32 (0.076–0.74) | .0039 | ||||||
| Lys/Gln + Gln/Gln (64) | 10 | 0.55 (0.35–0.84) | .0058 | 0.37 (0.19–0.65) | .0005 | ||||
| Lys/Lys + Lys/Gln (73) | 21 | Ref. | |||||||
| Gln/Gln (18) | 1 | 0.38 (0.090–0.84) | .012 | ||||||
| XPD (Lys751Gln, A/C)* | |||||||||
| Lys/Lys (93) | 22 | Ref. | |||||||
| Lys/Gln + Gln/Gln (3) | 0 | Not calculated | .13 | ||||||
| XPG (Asp1104His, G/C) | |||||||||
| Asp/Asp (19) | 4 | Ref. | |||||||
| Asp/His (41) | 15 | 1.3 (0.79–2.5) | .31 | ||||||
| His/His (34) | 4 | 0.74 (0.36–1.5) | .41 | ||||||
| Asp/His + His/His (75) | 19 | 1.1 (0.67–2.0) | .73 | ||||||
| Asp/Asp + Asp/His (60) | 19 | Ref. | |||||||
| His/His (34) | 4 | 0.62 (0.33–1.0) | .054 | ||||||
| XRCC1 (Arg399Gln, G/A)* | |||||||||
| Arg/Arg (50) | 14 | Ref. | |||||||
| Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln (46) | 9 | 0.81 (0.52–1.2) | .32 | ||||||
| XRCC3 (Thr241Met, C/T)* | Thr/Thr (79) | 20 | Ref. | ||||||
| Thr/Met + Met/Met (15) | 2 | 0.61 (0.24–1.1) | .13 | ||||||
| Total variant alleles in DNA repair genes | |||||||||
| ≤ 3 (73) | 22 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| > 3 (27) | 2 | 0.43 (0.17–0.80) | .0048 | 0.31 (0.073–0.70) | .0016 | ||||
| Total variant alleles in NER genes† | |||||||||
| ≤ 2 (70) | 23 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| > 2 (29) | 1 | 0.32 (0.076–0.70) | .0015 | 0.39 (0.090–0.87) | .018 | ||||
Bold font indicates statistical significance.
UUT-TCC indicates upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; NER, nucleotide excision repair; Ref., Reference.
*
For those polymorphisms with few homozygous variant alleles, only the combined results of the heterozygous and homozygous variant alleles were shown.
†
NER genes included XPC, XPD, and XPG.