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. 2008 Feb 22;9(4):370–376. doi: 10.1038/embor.2008.11

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Copyright © 2008, European Molecular Biology Organization

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This license does not permit commercial exploitation or the creation of derivative works without specific permission.

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Influence of the AIRE–PHD1 mutations on transcriptional activation and chromatin binding. (A) Relative expression levels of insulin (INS), involucrin (INV) and S100A8 genes in HEK-AIRE (AIRE), HEK-AIRE-D297A (D297A) and HEK-AIRE-D312A (D312A) mutant and HEK-control (YFP) cell lines are shown in comparison with the messenger RNA levels in HEK-AIRE cell lines (=100%). (B) DNA ChIP analysis with anti-AIRE and IgG was performed from the stably transfected cells, as indicated. The fold differences are normalized to input fractions and shown in comparison with the background level (=1) with each primer set in each condition. The data are the averages of two independent experiments. AIRE, autoimmune regulator; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; HEK, human embryonic kidney; PHD, plant homeodomain.