Table 1.

Overview of prevalence rates in different studies

Study	Sample	Sample size	Prevalence	Instruments	ICD-10 diagnoses
McIntyre and Keesler 1986 [32]	foster care	N = 158	48.7%	CBCL (1)	No
McCann et al. 1996 [23]	foster & residential care	N = 103 n = 38 in residential care	96% in residential care 57%in foster care	CBCL Kiddie-sads (4)	Yes
Minnis et al. 2001 [33]	foster care	N = 182	60%	SDQ (2)	No
Hukkanen R. et al. 1999 [25]	residential care	N = 91	59%	CBCL & TRF	No
Dimigen et al. 1999 [24]	residential and foster	N = 70	30–50% in the different subscales	Devereux Scales of mental disorders (3)	No
Graf et al. 2002 [12]	residential care	N = 103	80%	Clinical Diagnoses	Yes
Meltzer et al. 2003 [2] Ford et al. 2007 [3]	foster & residential care	Total 1039 (N = 168 residential care)	Total 45–49% 68% (residential care)	SDQ clinical interview	Yes
Burns et al. 2004 [1]	foster & residential care	N = 3803	88,6% in residential care 63,1% in foster care	CBCL	No
Blower et al. 2004 [26]	foster & residential care	N = 48	44% in residential care	CBCL & Kiddie sads	Yes
Mount et al. 2004 [34]	foster & residential care	N = 50	70%	SDQ	No

(1) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) [15],

(2) Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) [31],

(3) Devereux Scales of mental disorders [35], Kiddie-Sads [30]