Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of 256 Males in a Smokeless Tobacco Cessation Study

Variable	Number (%) in Sample	Mean ± SD Cotinine (ng/mL)	Median Cotinine (ng/mL)	Cotinine Range (ng/mL)
Educational Attainment
< HS diploma	37 (14.5%)	483 ± 293	428	33–1264
HS diploma	96 (37.5%)	584 ± 414	485	17–2469
> HS diploma	123 (48.0%)	532 ± 341	440	29–2077
Marital Status***
Divorced/Widow/Separated	46 (18.0%)	682 ± 520	544	17–1596
Married/Living with partner	161 (62.9%)	562 ± 319	479	73–2469
Never Married	49 (19.1%)	364 ± 254	277	33–1028
Employment Status*
Full-time worker	173 (67.5%)	581 ± 364	478	17–2097
Part-time worker	11 (4.3%)	389 ± 264	284	118–937
Unemployed	72 (28.1%)	482 ± 368	387	33–2469
Occupation**
Professional	40 (15.6%)	505 ± 322	434	29–1179
Skilled labor	128 (50.0%)	615 ± 361	524	53–2097
Unskilled labor	88 (34.4%)	460 ± 371	392	17–2469
Income
≤ $25,000	72 (28.9%)	501 ± 403	443	38–2469
$25,001–50,000	95 (38.2%)	550 ± 344	460	21–2077
> $50,000	82 (32.9%)	590 ± 357	504	17–1596
Insurance Type
Medicare	10 (3.9%)	632 ± 342	577	213–1264
Medicaid	34 (13.3%)	444 ± 296	409	33–1037
Private insurance	163 (63.7%)	566 ± 351	476	17–2077
Self-pay	49 (19.1%)	529 ± 446	394	92–2469
County Residence thru age 18
Appalachian	222 (86.7%)	540 ± 371	460	17–2469
Non-Appalachian	34 (13.3%)	578 ± 327	461	38–1193

^*p < 0.05 obtained from the nonparametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum test

^**p < 0.01 obtained from the nonparametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum test

^***p < 0.0001 obtained from the nonparametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum test