. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Mar 4.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2007 Nov 2;38(1):15–28. doi: 10.1017/S0033291707001699

Table 2.

Lifetime Comorbidity (OR)¹ of Social Phobia and Four Mutually Exclusive Social Phobia Subgroups with Other DSM-IV Disorders

			Social Phobia
	All Social Phobia		with 1–4 fears		with 5–7 fears		with 8–10 fears		with 11+ fears
	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	χ²₃

Anxiety disorder
Panic disorder	4.9^*	(4.0–6.0)	3.0^*	(1.4–6.2)	3.4^*	(2.1–5.5)	3.8^*	(2.7–5.3)	7.0^*	(5.0–9.8)	12.3^**
Agoraphobia without panic	11.9^*	(6.8–21.0)	0.8	(0.1–6.7)	5.3^*	(1.8–15.7)	8.3^*	(4.2–16.5)	22.2^*	(12.3–40.1)	26.0^**
Specific phobia	5.4^*	(4.5–6.5)	3.3^*	(2.0–5.3)	4.2^*	(3.1–5.7)	5.2^*	(3.8–7.1)	6.9^*	(5.1–9.2)	7.0
Generalized anxiety disorder	5.2^*	(4.2–6.4)	3.7^*	(2.3–6.2)	4.6^*	(3.2–6.5)	3.8^*	(2.7–5.2)	7.2^*	(5.3–9.7)	13.5^**
Post-traumatic stress disorder²	3.9^*	(3.1–4.9)	2.5^*	(1.4–4.3)	3.0^*	(1.8–5.1)	3.1^*	(2.2–4.4)	5.3^*	(4.0–7.1)	17.2^**
Separation anxiety disorder²	4.0^*	(3.3–4.8)	0.9	(0.4–2.1)	3.1^*	(1.9–5.1)	3.8^*	(2.6–5.5)	5.7^*	(4.8–6.8)	25.9^**
Any anxiety disorder²	5.9^*	(4.8–7.4)	3.1^*	(1.8–5.1)	4.5^*	(3.3–6.1)	5.6^*	(4.4–7.2)	9.1^*	(6.1–13.6)	15.8^**
Mood disorder
Major depressive disorder	4.6^*	(3.9–5.4)	3.1^*	(2.0–4.8)	2.9^*	(2.1–4.1)	4.5^*	(3.6–5.7)	6.4^*	(4.9–8.3)	30.9^**
Dysthymia	6.2^*	(5.0–7.6)	4.0^*	(2.2–7.2)	3.2^*	(1.9–5.6)	5.3^*	(3.6–7.8)	8.8^*	(6.9–11.3)	19.6^**
Bipolar disorder (broad)	4.6^*	(3.5–6.0)	3.0^*	(1.4–6.7)	3.1^*	(1.7–5.6)	3.5^*	(2.2–5.5)	6.8^*	(5.0–9.2)	11.3^**
Any mood disorder	4.8^*	(4.1–5.6)	3.2^*	(2.1–5.0)	3.0^*	(2.2–4.2)	4.6^*	(3.5–5.9)	7.0^*	(5.3–9.3)	28.5^**
Impulse-control disorder
Oppositional-defiant disorder³	3.4^*	(2.6–4.6)	0.6	(0.2–2.3)	2.3^*	(1.5–3.6)	4.1^*	(2.8–6.1)	4.3^*	(3.1–6.1)	20.2^**
Conduct disorder³	2.8^*	(2.2–3.6)	1.0	(0.3–3.1)	2.0^*	(1.1–3.7)	3.1^*	(2.0–5.1)	3.4^*	(2.3–5.0)	9.2^**
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder³	4.4^*	(3.2–6.0)	1.0	(0.3–3.3)	2.2^*	(1.3–3.9)	3.8^*	(2.1–7.0)	7.5^*	(4.8–11.5)	18.4^**
Intermittent explosive disorder	3.5^*	(2.9–4.3)	3.3^*	(1.8–6.2)	2.3^*	(1.4–3.9)	3.0^*	(2.2–4.1)	4.8^*	(3.7–6.3)	11.1^**
Any impulse-control disorder³	3.7^*	(3.0–4.6)	1.3	(0.7–2.3)	2.5^*	(1.7–3.7)	3.3^*	(2.3–4.7)	6.2^*	(4.5–8.5)	30.7^**
Substance use disorder
Alcohol abuse or dependence²	2.8^*	(2.3–3.3)	1.6	(0.8–3.0)	3.2^*	(2.1–4.6)	2.8^*	(2.1–3.7)	3.0^*	(2.4–3.9)	4.7
Drug abuse or dependence²	3.0^*	(2.5–3.7)	1.9	(0.9–4.0)	2.9^*	(1.8–4.5)	3.3^*	(2.3–4.5)	3.2^*	(2.4–4.3)	2.0
Any substance use disorder²	2.8^*	(2.3–3.3)	1.6	(0.9–2.9)	2.8^*	(1.9–4.1)	2.8^*	(2.2–3.7)	3.2^*	(2.5–4.1)	5.6
Any disorder²	6.1^*	(5.0–7.5)	2.7^*	(1.7–4.3)	4.3^*	(2.7–6.6)	6.0^*	(4.5–8.0)	12.0^*	(7.8–18.4)	24.9^**
Exactly 1 comorbid disorder²	2.6^*	(2.0–3.5)	1.8	(1.0–3.2)	2.0^*	(1.1–3.7)	3.1^*	(2.3–4.3)	3.4^*	(2.0–6.0)	4.2
Exactly 2 comorbid disorders²	4.9^*	(3.8–6.3)	3.9^*	(2.0–7.8)	3.2^*	(1.8–5.7)	5.1^*	(3.2–8.3)	7.2^*	(4.4–12.0)	5.6
3 or more comorbid disorders²	12.3^*	(9.7–15.5)	2.8^*	(1.7–4.9)	8.1^*	(4.7–13.8)	10.9^*	(7.7–15.5)	28.6^*	(18.2–45.1)	53.7^**
(n)	(1143)		(118)		(213)		(354)		(458)

Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.

^**

Significant difference between the four mutually exclusive social phobia subgroups at the .05 level.

The odds-ratios (ORs) were estimated in logistic regression models controlling for age at interview, sex, and race-ethnicity. The ORs compare respondents in each group with respondents who have no lifetime history of social phobia. The 3 degrees of freedom χ² test compares social phobia subgroups involving 1–4 (n = 118), 5–7 (n = 213), 8–10 (n = 354), and 11+ (n = 458) fears, indicating whether the association of social phobia with each disorder varies significantly by number of fears. All disorders were defined using DSM-IV criteria without observing hierarchical exclusion rules.

Assessed in the Part II sample (n = 5692).

Restricted to Part II respondents ages 18–44 (n = 3197).