Table 4.

Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model of factors associated with dog ownership in Tanzania, with study site as a random effect (n = 1,471)

Variable	Coefficient	Standard error	p-value*	Odds ratio (OR)	95% confidence interval
Adult gender composition			< 0.001
No adult male occupant				1 (REF)
Female head; adult male occupant/s	0.64	0.402	0.12	1.90	0.87–4.18
Male head	1.26	0.366	<0.001	3.52	1.72–7.20
Household socio-demographic type			< 0.001
Type 1				1 (REF)
Type 2	0.38	0.311	0.22	1.46	0.79–2.69
Type 3	0.21	0.279	0.45	1.24	0.72–2.13
Type 4	1.01	0.302	<0.001	2.75	1.52–4.98
Type 5	1.12	0.278	<0.001	3.08	1.78–5.32
Ownership of poultry			< 0.001
No				1 (REF)
Yes	0.69	0.194	< 0.001	1.99	1.36–2.91
Ownership of cat/s			0.01
No				1 (REF)
Yes	0.68	0.265	0.01	1.97	1.18–3.32
Ownership of livestock
No				1 (REF)
Yes	0.75	0.417	0.01	2.11	1.20–3.73
Religion of head of household
Christian				1 (REF)
Muslim	-1.23	0.208	< 0.001	0.29	0.19–0.44
Interaction between livestock ownership and religion	1.11	0.445	0.02	3.02	1.26–7.23
Intercept	-3.38	0.417

*Bolded p-values are likelihood ratio test p-values and unbolded p-values are Wald test p-values.