Klf4 involves in activation-induced B cell proliferation. A, Stimulation induced DNA synthesis of B cells from bKlf4−/− and bKlf4+/+ mice. B cells were isolated from spleen and stimulated in vitro with anti-IgM alone or anti-IgM plus anti-CD40 (anti-IgM/CD40) Abs or LPS (10 μg/ml) for 48 h and added [3H]thymidine for 20 h. B cells from bKlf4−/− show a significant reduction of [3H]thymidine uptake compared with control under stimulation conditions: anti-IgM alone (p < 0.05, n = 10) or anti-IgM/CD40 (p < 0.05, n = 5) but not under LPS (p = 0.11, n = 3). B, CFSE-tracking dye measuring proliferation of B cells from bKlf4−/− and bKlf4+/+ mice. Low PI of B cells from bKlf4−/− mice compared with bKlf4+/+ mice under both stimulation conditions (p < 0.05). Anti-IgM, n = 9; anti-IgM/CD40, n = 14.