Table 2.
Neuroimaging Studies of Affect and Explicit Retrieval
| Study | Description | Key finding |
|---|---|---|
| Dolan, Lane, Chua, & Fletcher, 2000 | Recognition of previously presented IAPS pictures during PET scanning. | Left-amygdala activity in comparison of emotional versus neutral memory retrieval. |
| Taylor et al., 1998 | Encoding and recognition of IAPS pictures during PET scanning. | Left-amygdala activity during encoding but not retrieval of emotional stimuli. |
| Smith, Dolan, & Rugg, 2004 | ERP study of recognition of emotional context of pictures. | Increased magnitude old/new effects for pictures from an emotional compared with a neutral context. |
| Smith, Henson et al., 2004 | fMRI study of recognition of emotional context of pictures. | Left-amygdala and medial PFC activity during recognition of negative emotional context pictures. |
| Smith, Henson, Rugg, & Dolan, 2005 | fMRI study of source recognition of emotional context of pictures. | Left-amygdala activity during item recognition of negative emotional context pictures; right-amygdala activity during emotional source recognition. |
| Smith et al., 2006 | fMRI study with dynamic causal modeling of interactions during source recognition of emotion. | Increased connection strength between left amygdala and hippocampus during recognition of emotional context. |
| Maratos, Allan, & Rugg, 2000 | ERP study of recognition of emotional words. | Old/new effects were not different for negative and neutral words. |
| Maratos & Rugg, 2001 | ERP study of recognition of emotional context of words. | Increased magnitude old/new effects for words from an emotional compared with a neutral context. |
| Maratos et al., 2001 | fMRI study of recognition of emotional context of words. | Left-amygdala activity during recognition of negative emotional context words; bilateral medial PFC activity during recognition of positive emotional context words. |
| Dolcos et al., 2005 | fMRI study of recognition of emotional pictures conducted 1 year after encoding. | Right-amygdala and other medial temporal areas were more active during recognition success of emotional pictures. |
| Fenker et al., 2005 | fMRI study of recognition of neutral words paired with emotional facial expressions using R/K procedure. | Greater right-amygdala response to “know” responses for words paired with fearful expressions. |
| Sharot, Delgado, & Phelps, 2004 | fMRI study of recognition of emotional and neutral pictures using R/K procedure. | Greater right-amygdala response to “remember” responses for negative pictures. |
| Phelps et al., 2001 | fMRI study of instructed fear conditioning paradigm. | Left-amygdala activity during presentation of stimulus verbally linked to threat of shock. |
| Lewis et al., 2005 | fMRI study of mood-congruent memory. | Orbitofrontal cortex regions differentially index positive versus negative mood effects on memory. |
| Sterpenich et al., 2006 | fMRI study of recognition of neutral faces encoded in emotional context. | Right-amygdala and locus ceruleus index correct recognition of faces encoded in emotional context. |
| Sergerie, Lepage, & Armony, 2006 | fMRI study of encoding and recognition of fearful, happy, and neutral faces. | Right-amygdala activity at encoding was associated with remembered fearful faces; left-amygdala activity at retrieval was associated with remembered fearful faces. |
| Kensinger & Schacter, 2005 | fMRI study of accurate versus distorted memory for emotional objects. | Right-amygdala and left medial PFC activity during correct attributions of negative objects. |
Note. IAPS = International Affective Picture System; PET = position emission tomography; ERP = event-related potential; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging; PFC = prefrontal cortex; R/K = Remember/Know.