Fig. 2.

Genetic differentiation in coding and noncoding SNPs in pairwise comparisons involving honey bee expansions out of Africa. (A) Significantly higher F_ST estimates in exon versus noncoding SNPs were observed in the ancient expansion of honey bees into Western Europe and the recent invasive expansion of Africanized honey bees in the New World. Error bars represent SE. (B) Pairwise estimates of F_ST between native honey bee groups by using all SNPs. A, O, C, and M refer to African, Asian, East European, and West European honey bee groups, respectively.