Table 2.

Peripheral levels of cytokines and other soluble factors stratified by parity and PM status.*

	Primigravidae			Multigravidae
Factor	PM- (n = 166)	PM+ (n = 39)	P	PM- (n = 415)	PM+ (n = 40)	P
TNF	22.9 [8.3–46.7]	62.1 [26.3–127.5]	<0.0001	18.7 [8.70–37.9]	57.7 [23.8–84.7]	0.0002
TNF- RI	948 [550–1411]	1374 [851–2290]	0.0003	812 [481–1249]	1004 [517–1580]	0.0978
TNF- RII	186 [0–494]	673 [260–1425]	<0.0001	190 [0–403]	590 [129–959]	<0.0001
IL-1	2.28 [0.72–4.36]	5.05 [1.70–11.3]	0.0018	2.06 [0.73–4.46]	3.06 [0.32–7.36]	0.1409
IL-4	0.0 [0.0-0.0]	0.0 [0.0-0.0]	0.7676	0.0 [0.0-0.0]	0.0 [0.0-0.0]	0.9054
IL-5	1.96 [0.39–4.21]	1.76 [0.12–3.32]	0.4215	2.09 [0.39–4.09]	1.90 [0.89–5.89]	0.3158
IL-6	18.4 [9.26–37.6]	29.3 [15.0–42.5]	0.083	13.1 [3.75–29.5]	13.2 [8.83–19.2]	0.7618
IL-10	5.69 [3.28–11.3]	23.4 [15.1–62.7]	<0.0001	6.12 [2.91–11.6]	22.2 [13.9–40.3]	<0.0001
IFN-γ	0.0 [0.0-0.0]	0.0 [0.0–3.67]	0.5083	0.0 [0.0-0.0]	0.0 [0.0-0.0]	0.6607
Leptin	2404 [973–6218]	1029 [658–4115]	0.0245	2161 [1014–5293]	1490 [452–5052]	0.3444
Ferritin	14.0 [8.00–32.4]	62.7 [20.8–144.8]	<0.0001	11.6 [6.7–25.9]	40.4 [19.3–82.0]	<0.0001

*Data are presented as median [interquartile ranges]. P-values were calculated by Mann-Whitney test.