Table 1.
Studies of Early Androgen Exposure and Childhood Aggressive Behavior
| Study | Assessment Method | Measure | Clinical condition (Control group) | N’s, Probands (controls) | Study outcome Aggressive behavior |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| females | males | |||||
| Berenbaum & Resnick (1997) | ||||||
| sample 1 | Self-report | MPQa aggression subscale | CAH (Sibling controls) | 18 F, 11 M (13 F, 5 M) | CAH > control* | ns |
| sample 2 | Self-report | MPQ aggression subscale | CAH (Sibling controls) | 11 F, 17 M (5 F, 10 M) | ns | ns |
| sample 2 | Retrospective self-report | RAIb | CAH(Sibling controls) | 11 F, 17 M (5 F, 10 M) | CAH > control** | ns |
| sample 3 | Parent-report | RAI | CAH (Sibling controls) | 20 F, 15 M (10 F, 20 M) | ns | ns |
| Ehrhardt & Baker (1974) | Self- and parent-report | Semi-structured interview | CAH (Sibling controls) | 17 F, 10 M (11 F, 16 M) | CAH > control, ns | ns |
| Ehrhardt, Epstein, & Money (1968) | Self-report | Semi-structured interview | CAH (matched controls) | 15 F (15 F) | ns | --- |
| Money & Schwartz (1976) | Retrospective self- and parent-report | Interview | CAH girls (no control group) | 15 F | nsc | --- |
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001
a
MPQ - Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (30). Participants rated how aggressive, vindictive, or revengeful they are.
b
RAI - Reinisch Aggression Inventory (26). This measure assesses potential for aggressive behavior in hypothetical conflict situations.
c
No control group was employed and no statistics were reported; authors concluded that there was no effect on aggressive behavior given the low prevalence in their sample.
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indicate that this group was not included in the study.