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. 1998 Jun 23;95(13):7491–7496. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.13.7491

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Malformations of cervical vertebrae in RAR-E mice at various developmental stages. (A–C) E18.5 skeletons were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red. (A) Nontransgenic mouse. Neural arches were completely fused dorsally. Note the broad neural arches of C1 and C2. (B) RAR-E heterozygote. The cervical vertebral column appeared compressed. C1 dyssymphysis was consistently observed. Neural arch of C2 was considerably hypoplastic. (C) RAR-E homozygote. The cervical vertebral column was compressed more severely. Dyssymphysis extended from C1 to C4. (D–F) E14.5 cartilage primordia were stained with alcian blue in nontransgenic (D), RAR-E heterozygous (E), and RAR-E homozygous (F) embryos. Neural arches from C1 to C2 and from C1 through C6 were hypoplastic in the RAR-E heterozygote (E) and the RAR-E homozygote (F), respectively. Note the smaller size of the upper limb primordia in an RAR-E gene dosage-dependent manner (E and F).