Table 2.

Sleep Length, Sleep Quality, Use of Hypnotics and/or Tranquilizers, and Risk of Total Mortality (Hazard Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval) in 1982–2003. All Three Sleep Variables Mutually Adjusted in the Same Model and Measured in 1981

	All-Cause Mortality In 1982–2003
	Age-adjusted (men) N = 10140	Age-adjusted (women) N = 11128	Fully-adjusted model (men) N = 9529	Fully-adjusted model (women) N = 10265
Sleep Length*
short	1.34 (1.19, 1.51)	1.12 (0.98, 1.28)	1.26 (1.11, 1.43)	1.21 (1.05, 1.40)
average	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
long	1.32 (1.17, 1.48)	1.20 (1.06, 1.35)	1.24 (1.09, 1.41)	1.17 (1.03, 1.34)
Sleep Quality
sleeping well	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
sleeping fairly well	1.14 (1.03, 1.25)	0.95 (0.85, 1.07)	1.04 (0.93, 1.17)	0.93 (0.82, 1.05)
sleeping fairly poorly/poorly	1.31 (1.12, 1.53)	1.03 (0.88, 1.21)	1.08 (0.91, 1.29)	0.93 (0.78, 1.12)
Use Of Hypnotics And/Or Tranquilizers**
no	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
infrequent	1.17 (0.95, 1.43)	0.98 (0.81, 1.19)	1.10 (0.89, 1.36)	1.01 (0.83, 1.25)
frequent	1.71 (1.36, 2.16)	1.64 (1.32, 2.03)	1.31 (1.02, 1.69)	1.39 (1.11, 1.75)

^*short = < 7□

Covariates measured in 1981 (in addition to age) in fully-adjusted model: education, marital status, working status, social class, BMI, smoking status, binge drinking, grams of alcohol consumed daily, conditioning physical activity, and life satisfaction.