Table 4.

Stability of Sleep Length Between 1975 and 1981 and Total Mortality in 1982–2003: Hazard Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals. Percentage of Subjects in Each Sleep Length Category Combination Given for Men and Women.

Sleep length*		Percentage		All-Cause Mortality 1982–2003
1975	1981	Men	Women	Age-adjusted (men) N = 10140	Age-adjusted (women) N = 11128	Fully-adjusted model (men) N = 9529	Fully-adjusted model (women) N = 10265
Short	Short	5.0	4.3	1.60 (1.36, 1.89)	1.07 (0.90, 1.28)	1.36 (1.13, 1.63)	1.07 (0.86, 1.32)
Average	Short	9.7	8.5	1.44 (1.25, 1.67)	1.22 (1.05, 1.42)	1.20 (1.02, 1.41)	1.24 (1.05, 1.48)
Long	Short	0.5	0.7	2.43 (1.51, 3.89)	2.08 (1.18, 3.67)	1.63 (0.89, 2.99)	2.17 (1.33, 3.53)
Short	Average	4.5	3.8	1.48 (1.20, 1.82)	1.03 (0.83, 1.29)	1.19 (0.94, 1.49)	0.94 (0.74, 1.18)
Average	Average	59.2	53.8	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Long	Average	6.4	7.5	0.97 (0.80, 1.18)	1.02 (0.81, 1.27)	0.90 (0.72, 1.12)	0.98 (0.77, 1.25)
Short	Long	0.4	0.5	1.47 (0.78, 2.78)	1.73 (1.04, 2.86)	1.25 (0.63, 2.47)	1.34 (0.77, 2.34)
Average	Long	9.7	12.8	1.27 (1.11, 1.47)	1.18 (1.02, 1.36)	1.20 (1.03, 1.40)	1.19 (1.02, 1.40)
Long	Long	4.6	8.1	1.49 (1.24, 1.78)	1.21 (1.00, 1.46)	1.32 (1.07, 1.62)	1.09 (0.89, 1.35)

^*short = < 7 hours, average = 7–8 hours, and long = > 8 hours.

Covariates measured in 1981 (in addition to age) in fully-adjusted model: education, marital status, working status, social class, BMI, smoking status, binge drinking, grams of alcohol consumed daily, conditioning physical activity, life satisfaction, sleep quality, and use of hypnotics and/or tranquilizers.