Table 7.
Joint Effects of Sleep Length and Sleep Quality in 1981 on Total Mortality: Hazard Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) for Mortality in 1982–2003. Hazard Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals Given. Percentage of Subjects in Each Sleep Behavior Combination Given for Men and Women
| Sleep Length* | Sleep Quality: Sleeping | Percentage |
Fully-Adjusted Model Hazard Ratios Men N = 9529 | Fully-Adjusted Model Hazard Ratios Women N = 10265 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | ||||
| Short | Well | 5.0 | 3.7 | 1.32 (1.03, 1.68) | 1.35 (1.02, 1.78) |
| Short | Fairly well | 6.3 | 5.6 | 1.45 (1.20, 1.76) | 1.17 (0.94, 1.47) |
| Short | Fairly poorly/Poorly | 4.0 | 4.1 | 1.33 (1.05, 1.68) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.36) |
| Average (reference) | Well | 30.8 | 27.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Average | Fairly well | 34.8 | 33.7 | 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.11) |
| Average | Fairly poorly/Poorly | 4.5 | 4.4 | 1.25 (0.99, 1.58) | 0.97 (0.76, 1.25) |
| Long | Well | 7.5 | 10.4 | 1.42 (1.17, 1.73) | 1.16 (0.93, 1.44) |
| Long | Fairly well | 6.3 | 10.0 | 1.26 (1.02, 1.56) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) |
| Long | Fairly poorly/Poorly | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.18 (0.80, 1.73) | 1.39 (0.92, 2.09) |
*
short = < 7 hours, average = 7–8 hours, and long = > 8 hours.
Covariates measured in 1981 (in addition to age) in this fully-adjusted model: education, marital status, working status, social class, BMI, smoking status, binge drinking, grams of alcohol consumed daily, conditioning physical activity, life satisfaction, and use of hypnotics and/or tranquilizers.