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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Mar 11.
Published in final edited form as: Cogn Psychol. 2007 Jul 12;56(2):103–141. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2007.04.001

Table 3.

Proportions of Switches During Recall to Alternative Forms when Typical Items Occurred First or Last in Presented Sentences (Experiments 1, 2, and 3, including post-tests and replications)

Switch proportions
Experiment Condition Typical last Typical first Typical-leader effect
Experiment 1 (taxonomic categories) Same category .214 .085 .129
Different category .136 .134 .002
Experiment 2 (ad hoc categories) Ad hoc category evoked .106 .097 .009
No category evoked .120 .175 −.055
Post-test on NP-order preference .510* .490* .020
Post-test on no-context recall .231 .224 .007
Post-test on taxonomic category cued recall .160 .086 .073
Post-test on ad hoc category cued recall .110 .110 −.0004
Experiment 3 (major phrases in sentences) Same phrase (presentation scoring) .229 .175 .055
Different phrase (presentation scoring) .089 .125 −.036
Same phrase (production scoring) .224 .149 .076
Different phrase (production scoring) .117 .187 −.070
Experiment 3 replication Same phrase (production scoring) .160 .109 .051
Different phrase (production scoring) .073 .057 .016
*

These numbers are not switch proportions, but proportion choosing a particular order.

Note. Typical-leader effect is not always identical to the difference of the typical-first and typical-last columns due to rounding error.