Table 4.
Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for Hypericum spp.
| Source of variation | d.f. | Sum of Squares | Variance components | % Total variance | Probability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison between H. perforatum and other Hypericum species | |||||
| Among-population | 1 | 454.19 | 19.95 | 36% | 0.001 |
| Within-population | 54 | 1905.67 | 35.29 | 64% | |
| Total | 55 | 2359.86 | |||
| Comparison of H. perforatum accessions by geographic collection locations (Domesticated, Europe, East Europe/Asia, and US) | |||||
| Among-populations | 3 | 178.97 | 4.00 | 12% | 0.002 |
| Within-populations | 38 | 1117.70 | 29.41 | 88% | |
| Total | 41 | 1296.67 | |||
| Comparison of H. perforatum accessions by domestication state (Domesticated, Wild) | |||||
| Among-populations | 1 | 46.17 | 2.06 | 6% | 0.073 |
| Within-populations | 40 | 1250.50 | 31.26 | 94% | |
| Total | 41 | 1296.67 | |||
| Comparison of H. perforatum accessions by domestication excluding 27452 ‘Elixir’ (Domesticated, Wild) | |||||
| Among-populations | 1 | 52.73 | 3.90 | 11% | 0.034 |
| Within-populations | 39 | 1210.00 | 31.03 | 89% | |
| Total | 40 | 1262.73 | |||
| Comparison of H. perforatum accessions by distribution within neighbor-joining analysis | |||||
| Among-populations | 3 | 403.40 | 11.65 | 33% | 0.001 |
| Within-populations | 38 | 893.27 | 23.51 | 67% | |
| Total | 41 | 1296.67 | |||
Genetic distance within H. perforatum was measured using Nei's unbiased measure of genetic distance. The highest estimate of genetic distance (0.187) was between domesticated accessions and accessions from the Eastern Europe/Asia region. While the lowest estimate of genetic distance (0.077) was between domesticated accessions and European accessions.