Table 1.

Summary of BMD studies in adult patients with CAH

Study	No. of patients	Findings
Jaaskelainen et al. (35)	32 (30 classic, 16 female, 16–52 yr)	Patient BMD Z-scores lower than Finnish population mean (lumbar spine, −0.52; P = 0.045; femoral neck, −0.83, P < 0.001); long-term glucocorticoid dose negatively correlated with BMD Z-score; patients receiving longer-acting glucocorticoids had lower BMD than patients receiving hydrocortisone
King et al. (36)	26 classic females (21–71 yr)	Patients BMD Z-scores, T-scores, and lumbar spine measurements significantly lower than controls (unaffected sisters); osteopenia present in 45% salt-losers, 13% simple virilizers, 11% controls; patients with osteopenia had lowest levels of adrenal androgens
Sciannamblo et al. (37)	30 classic (12 female, 16–29 yr)	Whole-body BMD measurements significantly lower than controls (P < 0.03); bone metabolism markers (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) higher in CAH patients than controls (P < 0.04)
Bachelot et al. (38)	45 (35 classic, 36 females, 18–47 yr)	Osteopenia present in 52% of salt-losers, 42% of simple virilizers, and 20% of nonclassic patients at femoral neck and 39% of salt-losers, 33% of simple virilizers, and 30% of nonclassic patients at lumbar spine; osteoporosis found in 7%; negative correlation between BMD T-score and hydrocortisone dose
Falhammer et al. (39)	61 females (55 classic, 18–63 yr)	Osteopenia in 48% of patients <30 yr old, 73% of patients ≥30 yr old, and 21% of age-matched controls; patients had lower BMD than controls at all measured sites (P < 0.001); more osteoporotic fractures (vertebrae, wrist, and hip) in patients vs. controls (P = 0.058)

Osteopenia was defined as T-score between −1 and −2.5 sd; osteoporosis was defined as T-score less than −2.5 sd.