Table 4.
Personal Characteristics of Mothers and Contextual Characteristics Associated with Having a Regular Dentist: Multivariable Logistic Regression Odds Ratios (OR) by Racial/Ethnic Group #
| Black (n=739) | Hispanic (n=983) | White (n=1275) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | p-value* | OR | p value* | OR | p-value* | p-value** | |
| Insurance | |||||||
| No insurance | 1 | .10 | 1 | <.001 | 1 | <.001 | .16 |
| Medicaid insurance | 1.59 | 1.96 | 1.55 | ||||
| Private insurance | 1.70 | 3.31 | 2.39 | ||||
| Income | |||||||
| Income less than $10,000 | 1 | .16 | 1 | .24 | 1 | <.001 | .35 |
| Income $10,000 – $20,000 | 1.20 | 1.03 | 1.27 | ||||
| Income over $20,000 | 1.49 | 1.25 | 1.88 | ||||
| Education | |||||||
| Did not finish high school | 1 | .30 | 1 | .14 | 1 | .02 | .74 |
| High school grad or GED | 1.54 | 0.87 | 1.31 | ||||
| Some college | 1.75 | 1.22 | 1.56 | ||||
| 4-year college degree | 1.67 | 1.85 | 1.96 | ||||
| Age | |||||||
| 18–23 | 0.56 | .01 | 0.60 | .12 | 0.85 | .56 | .05 |
| 24–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 40–52 | 1.79 | 1.34 | 1.03 | ||||
| Survey mode | |||||||
| Web | 1 | .34 | 1 | .10 | 1 | .96 | .24 |
| 0.65 | 1.05 | 0.98 | |||||
| Phone | 0.77 | 1.53 | 0.94 | ||||
| Immigration status | 0.53 | .08 | 1.26 | .34 | 0.97 | .91 | .05 |
| Years lived in county | |||||||
| < 1 yr | 1 | .22 | 1 | .24 | 1 | .09 | .16 |
| 1–2 yrs | 1.39 | 1.15 | 1.06 | ||||
| 3–5 yrs | 2.64 | 1.43 | 2.07 | ||||
| > 5 yrs | 1.96 | 2.06 | 1.71 | ||||
| Years lived at current address | |||||||
| <1 yr | 1 | .08 | 1 | .17 | 1 | .00 | .21 |
| 1–2 yrs | 1.21 | 1.36 | 1.61 | ||||
| 3–5 years | 1.55 | 1.36 | 1.20 | ||||
| > 5 yrs | 1.56 | 1.50 | 2.40 | ||||
| Living status | |||||||
| Single | 1.23 | .34 | 1.06 | .76 | 1.19 | .29 | .37 |
| Children in household | |||||||
| School age or older children | 1.13 | .15 | 1.06 | .45 | .92 | .27 | .07 |
| Preschool –age children | 0.91 | .56 | 1.11 | .36 | 0.94 | .52 | .22 |
| Employment | |||||||
| Full-time | 1 | .88 | 1 | .31 | 1 | .43 | .29 |
| Part-time or school | 1.15 | 0.94 | 1.08 | ||||
| Homemaker | 1.10 | 0.65 | 0.88 | ||||
| Disabled | 1.09 | 0.38 | 1.17 | ||||
| Unemployed | 0.89 | 0.78 | 0.68 | ||||
| Cigarette smoking | 0.89 | .49 | 1.53 | .10 | 0.81 | .14 | .02 |
| Mental health score | |||||||
| 1 (Best) | 1 | .10 | 1 | .02 | 1 | .01 | .52 |
| 2 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.96 | ||||
| 3 | 0.63 | 0.53 | 0.92 | ||||
| 4 | 0.88 | 0.42 | 0.56 | ||||
| 5–6 (Worst) | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.37 | ||||
| Availability of dentists | |||||||
| Licensed dentists per 10,000 people | --- | 1.17 | .03 | 1.17 | .04 | .80 | |
| Number of dentists in county | 1.00 | .18 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 1/population | --- | 2.20 | 2.18 | ||||
| Urban/Rural | |||||||
| Urban | --- | 1 | .90 | 1 | .00 | .02 | |
| Large rural city/town | --- | 1.09 | 1.99 | ||||
| Small rural town | --- | 1.07 | 1.10 | ||||
| Clinics in county | 0.85 | .21 | 1.12 | .00 | 1.04 | .39 | .79 |
| Spanish speaking | -- | 0.59 | . 03 | --- | |||
#
A separate multivariable logistic regression model was estimated for each racial/ethnic group.
*
Wald test for linear association (contrast) performed for income, education, age, years lived in county and at current address, and mental health score. Wald test for all coefficients equal to zero performed for insurance, survey mode, immigration status, living status, children in household employment, smoking, dentist supply, urban/rural, and county clinics.
**
Wald test for whether associations are significantly different across racial/ethnic groups.