Figure 1. Mobile phone irradiation induces the phosphorylation of ERKs, but not that of JNKs or p38MAPKs.

(A) Serum-starved Rat1 and HeLa cells were irradiated with a frequency generator at 875 MHz with an intensity of 0.07 mW/cm² for the indicated times. After irradiation, the cells were harvested and subjected to Western blot analysis with anti-pERK (α pERK) and anti-total ERK (α gERK) antibodies. (B) Serum-starved Rat1 and HeLa cells were irradiated at 875 MHz with intensities of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.31 mW/cm² for 10 min. Phosphorylation of ERKs was monitored as above. (C) Serum-starved Rat1 and HeLa cells were irradiated at 875 MHz with an intensity of 0.230 mW/cm² for the indicated times. As a positive control, serum-starved HeLa cells were also treated with 1 μg/ml anisomycin (Ani) for 15 min, after which the cells were washed and harvested as above. Phosphorylation of JNKs and p38MAPKs was detected with the indicated antibodies (α pJNK and α p-p38).