Fig. 5.

Differential role of ROS in the activation of MAP kinases and Akt by the BCR, CD40, and CXCR4. Activation of ERK, JNK, p38, and Akt by the BCR is relatively insensitive to ROS depletion and involves signaling intermediates that are ROS-independent. In contrast, CD40 activates JNK, p38, and Akt via signaling pathways that are largely ROS-dependent. CXCR4 activates the MAP kinases via ROS-independent pathways but its ability to activate Akt is dependent on ROS