Table 2.

Prevalence of retinopathy (number and percentage affected)

	ETDRS levels	Overall (n = 896)	Non-diabetic sample (n = 302)	Diabetic sample (n = 594)
Any retinopathy*	14–43	122 (13.6%)	30 (9.9%)	92 (15.5%)
Non-diabetic retinopathy	14–15	23 (2.5%)	6 (2.0%)	17 (2.9%)
Exudates or IRMA	14	3 (0.3%)	1 (0.3%)	2 (0.4%)
Haemorrhages	15	20 (2.2%)	5 (1.7%)	15 (2.5%)
Diabetic retinopathy	20–43	99 (11.1%)	24 (7.9%)	75 (12.6%)‡
Microaneurysms only	20	85 (9.5%)	21 (6.9%)	64 (10.8%)§
Mild/moderate NPDR†	35–43	14 (1.6%)	3 (1.0%)	11 (1.8%)

^*Includes all retinopathy (non-specific, i.e. no microaneurysms, and diabetic retinopathy).

^†Mild/moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)—microaneurysms plus one or more of the following: venous loops > 0/1; soft exudates, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities or venous beading; retinal haemorrhages; hard exudates > 0/1; or soft exudates > 0/1.

^‡P = 0.035 by Chi square, compared with the non-diabetic sample.

^§P = 0.065 by Chi square, compared with the non-diabetic sample.