Fig. 5.

Real-time PCR quantification was preformed for detection of mRNA levels of GAL, GalR1, and GalR2 in 13 tumor samples obtained from patients and 2 human control samples obtained from a tissue bank. The relative quantification expression values were calculated by the arithmetic equation 2^−ΔΔCT. The amount of target gene was normalized to GAPDH and the relative increase was equal to 2^{−Δ(ΔCTtarget−ΔCTcontrol)}. There was a significant increase of galanin, GalR1, and GalR2 expression levels in the tumor samples, except for patients 6 and 13, who had GalR2 levels equal to the controls.