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Cytokine responses in spleen cells induced by DNA vaccine and recombinant protein. Splenocytes isolated from immunized BALB/c WT mice before or 16 h after i.p. challenge with pneumococci were incubated for 72 h with PspA (5 μg/ml) or medium only as a control (nonstimulated). IFN-γ (A) and TNF-α (B) levels in the supernatants were detected through sandwich ELISA. Results are representative of two independent experiments.
