. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Immunol. 2008 Feb;20(1):111–118. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.11.005

Table 1.

Preproinsulin/Insulin epitopes with diabetes specific immune response.

Epitope	Sequence	HLA	CD⁴/CD⁸	Source of T cell	Identified method	Reference
PPI 73–90 (C17-A1)	GAGSLQP LALEGSL QKRG	DR4	CD4	PBMCs	?	[55] PNAS. 1998 March 31; 95(7): 3833–3838
PPI 33–47 (B9–23)	SHLVEAL YLVCGER G	DQ8	CD4	PBMCs	Interferon-γ enzyme –linked immunospot, ³H-thymidine proliferation	[53] J Clin Invest. 2001 January 15; 107(2): 173–180
PPI 35–51 (B11–27)	LVEALYL VCGERGF FYT		CD4	PBMCs	ELISA assay, ³H-thymidine proliferation	[56] Diabetologia 2004 Mar;47(3):439–50
PPI 48–60 (B24-C4)	FFYTPKT RREAED	DR3	CD4	PBMCs	³H-thymidine proliferation, Tetramer analysis	[57] Mol.Med. 1995 Sep;1(6):625–33, [50] J Autoimmun. 2005 Nov;25(3):235–43
PPI 57–73 (C13-C29)	GGGPGA GSLQPLA LEGS		CD4	PBMCs	ELISA assay, ³H-thymidine proliferation	[56] Diabetologia 2004 Mar;47(3):439–50
PPI 90–104 (A1–15)	GIVEQCC TSICSLY Q	DR4	CD4	Pancreatic LN, PBMCs	IL13 ELISA assay, ³H-thymidine proliferation	[52] Nature 2005 May 12; 435: 224–228, [58] J.Exp.Med.2005 Oct 31; 202(9): 1191–1197
PPI 2–10	ALWMRL LPL	A2	CD8	PBMCs	IFN-γ ELISPOT	[59] Diabetes. 2007 Mar;56(3):613–21.
PPI 34–42(B10–18)	HLVEALY LV	A2	CD8	PBMCs	HLA-A2insB10–18 tetramer staining; IFN-γ ELISPOT assay	[60] P NAS. 2005 December20; 102(51): 18425–18430. [61] PNAS 2005; 102:10581–6.
PPI 41–50(B17–26)	LVCGERG FFY	A1	CD8	PBMCs	IFN-γ ELISPOT assay	[61]PNAS 2005; 102:10581–6.
PPI 42–51(B18–27)	VCGERGF FYT	A2/B 8	CD8	PBMCs	IFN-γ ELISPOT assay	[61] PNAS 2005; 102:10581–6. [59] Diabetes. 2007 Mar;56(3):613–21.
PPI 44–51(B20–27)	VCGERGF FYT	B8	CD8	PBMCs	IFN-γ ELISPOT assay	[61]PNAS 2005; 102:10581–6.
PPI46–54(B 22–30)	LYLVCGE RG	A24	CD8	PBMCs	CTL activities assay	[62] Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2001 Mar;51(3):173–9
PPI 49–57(B25-C1)	FYTPKTR RE	B8	CD8	PBMCs	IFN-γ ELISPOT assay	[61]PNAS 2005; 102:10581–6.