Table 1.
Subjects’ Characteristics
| Variablea | Current smokers | Never smokers | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 29.4 ± 6.5 | 26.5 ± 4.3 | 0.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 ± 11.6 | 24.0 ± 4.2 | 0.10 |
| Years of education | 13.4 ± 1.8 | 16.1 ± 1.7 | <0.01 |
| Yearly income | |||
| <$25,000 | 40.7% | 31.8% | 0.80 |
| $25,000 to $50,000 | 37.1% | 40.9% | |
| >$50,000 | 22.2% | 27.3% | |
| Number who tasted PROP (tasted≤180 μM PROP) | 21/27 (78%) | 19/22 (86%) | 0.35 |
| Number who are FH+ (first and/or second generation)b | 18/24 (75.0%) | 9/21 (43.0%) | 0.03 |
| Number who are alcoholics (MAST score > 4) | 8/27 (29.6%) | 0/22 (0%) | <0.01 |
| Percent who consumed (in parenthesis) and, if so, their monthly consumption rates | |||
| Alcohol (no. standard drinks) | 40.0 ± 43.2 (96%) | 17.1 ± 13.9 (91%) | 0.02 |
| Soda (no. cans) | 22.6 ± 34.8 (100%) | 13.3 ± 16.2 (82%) | 0.29 |
| Coffee (no. 8 oz. cups) | 55.1 ± 71.3 (85%) | 15.0 ± 14.3 (59%) | 0.05 |
| Cookies | 5.2 ± 5.0 (93%) | 6.4 ± 6.8 (91%) | 0.51 |
| Brownies | 5.1 ± 18.6 (85%) | 1.8 ± 2.6 (95%) | 0.41 |
| Cereal | 11.5 ± 9.2 (89%) | 13.4 ± 12.4 (100%) | 0.55 |
| Cake | 4.8 ± 8.3 (93%) | 2.2 ± 2.8 (100%) | 0.17 |
| Chocolate | 17.6 ± 22.7 (93%) | 10.2 ± 9.2 (95%) | 0.17 |
| Food craving inventory | |||
| Subscales | |||
| High fats | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 0.04 |
| Carbohydrates/starches | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | <0.01 |
| Sweets | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 0.56 |
| Fast food fats | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 0.27 |
| Total score | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0.04 |
| Number of subjects | 27 | 22 |
BMI, body mass index; FH+, family history of alcoholism; PROP, propylthiouracil; MAST, Michigan Alcohol Screening Test.
a
Data presented as mean ± SD or percentage.
b
Four subjects lacked information on some of their family members and therefore were excluded from this analysis.