Figure 5. Changes in inspiratory intercostal EMG activity induced by instant application of force.

A, traces obtained during a control breath and a manipulated breath in a representative animal. B, the traces of the integrated EMG signals recorded during the manipulated breath (continuous traces) have been superimposed on the traces recorded during the control breath (dotted traces). The onset of force application (first vertical line) caused an abrupt reduction in external intercostal inspiratory EMG activity; activity increased as soon as force started to decline (second vertical line). Volume calibration: 250 ml; force calibration: 2 kg.