Table 1.

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (3) and Surgical Wound Classification

Physical status classification, ASA score
Class	Physical status
1	Normal healthy patient
2	Patient with mild systemic disease
3	Patient with severe systemic disease that is not incapacitating
4	Patient with incapacitating disease that is a constant threat to life
5	Moribund patient who is not expected to live 24 h with or without surgery
Surgical wound classification (3)
Class	Description
I Clean	An uninfected operative wound in which no inflammation is encountered and when the respiratory, alimentary, genital, or uninfected urinary tract is not entered. In addition, clean wounds are primarily closed and, if necessary, drained with closed drainage. Operative incisional wounds that follow non-penetrating trauma should be included in this category if they meet the criteria.
II Clean-contaminated	A non-traumatic wound; no inflammation encountered. An operative wound when the respiratory, alimentary, genital, or urinary tracts are entered under controlled conditions and without unusual contamination. Specifically, operations involving the biliary tract, appendix, vagina, and oropharynx are included in this category, provided no evidence of infection or major break in technique is encountered.
III Contaminated	Open, fresh, accidental wounds. In addition, operations with major breaks in sterile technique or gross spillage from the gastrointestinal tract, and incisions in which acute, nonpurulent inflammation is encountered are included in this category.
IV Dirty/infected	Old traumatic wounds with retained devitalized tissue and those that involve existing clinical infection or perforated viscera. This definition suggests that the organisms causing postoperative infection were present in the operative field before the operation.