. 1999 Jul 1;518(Pt 1):1–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0001r.x

Table 1.

Mammalian metal ion transporters

Name	Metal transported	Function	TM	Tissue distribution	Disease	Reference(s)
DCT1/ Nramp2	Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺ Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺	Uptake/ endosomal exit	12	Widespread(intestine, kidney liver, neurons, etc.)	Haemochromatosis^A, microcytic anaemia^G	Gruenheid et al. 1995; Vidal et al. 1995a; Gunshin et al. 1997
Nramp1	Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, other?	Phagosomal/ lysosomal exit	12	Macrophages	Infectious susceptibility^G	Vidal et al. 1995b; Gunshin et al. 1997
SFT	Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺	Uptake	6	Ubiquitous	—	Gutierrez et al. 1997, 1998
Frataxin/FRDA	Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺	Mitochondrial export	n.d.	Neuronal	Friedreich's ataxia^G	Babcock et al. 1997; Koutnikova et al. 1997; Wilson & Roof, 1997; Radisky et al. 1999
hCTR1	Cu²⁺	Uptake (yeast)	3	Ubiquitous	—	Zhou & Gitschier, 1997
hCTR2	Cu²⁺	n.d.	3	Ubiquitous	—	Zhou & Gitschier, 1997
ZnT-1	Zn²⁺	Basolateral exit	6	Ubiquitous(intestine, kidney)	—	Palmiter & Findley, 1995
ZnT-2	Zn²⁺	Vacuolar exit	6	n.d.	—	Palmiter et al. 1996a
ZnT-3	Zn²⁺	Synaptic vesicles	6	Brain, neurons	—	Palmiter et al. 1996b
ZnT-4	Zn²⁺	Export/lactation	6	Mammary gland	Lethal milk^G	Huang & Gitschier, 1997
MNK	Cu²⁺	Basolateral exit(intestine)	8	Ubiquitous, except liver	Menkes disease^G	Mercer et al. 1993; Vulpe et al. 1993; Chelly et al. 1993
WND	Cu²⁺	Exit, biliary excretion	8	Liver, kidney	Wilson's disease^G	Tanzi et al. 1993; Petrukhin et al. 1994

TM, transmembrane domain; A, acquired; G, genetic; FRDA, Friedreich's ataxia; n.d., not determined.