A and B, sodium current traces recorded in the whole-cell configuration for WT channels (A) and R1448S mutant channels (B). Cells were held at -120 mV, then depolarized to a test pulse ranging from -80 to 0 mV in 10 mV increments for 25 ms. In C, two normalized traces (at -10 mV) from WT and R1448S are shown to better visualize the effect of the mutation on inactivation decay. D, time constant of fast inactivation. Fast inactivation phase decays for WT (•, n= 39) and R1448S (○, n= 27) were fitted with a single-exponential function for voltages from -30 to +30 mV, for a -120 mV holding potential.