Figure 1. Milk yield and histology of goat mammary glands after unilateral cessation of milking.

A, mean daily milk yield of left (L) and right (R) glands before and after unilateral cessation of twice-daily milking for 1, 2 or 3 weeks. Values are means ±s.e.m. when n≥ 2 (values of n are given inthe text). B-F, morphology of mammary tissue from glands milked twice daily (B) or unmilked for 3 days (C), 1 week (D), 2 weeks (E) or 3 weeks (F). B, arrow, large secretory alveolus; s, alveolar secretion. C, arrow, columnar alveolar cell; n, polymorphic neutrophil. D, large arrow, alveolar cells; arrow, alveoli; small arrow, apoptotic bodies. E, arrow, alveolar cell with pycnotic nucleus and indistinct cell membrane; a, alveolar lumen containing flocculent material; m, myoepithelial cell; n, neutrophil. F, large arrows, lobules of ductules; e cuboidal epithelial cell; f, fibrocollagenous stroma; small arrows, body defence cells; arrowhead, apoptotic bodies. Scale bar, 50 μm; applies to all panels.